Research Progress of Electrospun Antibacterial Nanofibers for Biomedical Applications

Electrospun nanofibers have a high specific surface area, controllable pore structure, and excellent physical properties, and they can simulate the extracellular matrix and some tissue structure, showing great potential in the field of biomedicine. As an ideal antibacterial material carrier, electrospun nanofibers can block and kill bacteria and prevent bacterial transmission and infection, thus protecting human health and social security. With the improvement of the electrospinning process and the expansion of nanofiber function, the application prospect of electrospun antibacterial nanofiber is more and more broad. This review summarizes the classification, preparation, structure, function (drug delivery and controlled release, filtration and insulation, tissue repair, and replacement, signal transmission), modification, and the current status of research in biomedical applications, especially personal protection, liquid purification, wound dressing, bioengineering scaffolds, and other fields. Finally, the development prospects and possible challenges of electrospun antibacterial nanofibers are discussed to provide useful guidance for further research and applications.