<i>“Becoming a shield under a leaky umbrella”</i> : a phenomenological study of mothers’ experiences caring for preschool children in high fine-dust environments

Findings underscore the need for tailored fine-dust response guidelines and educational programs that integrate accurate environmental health information with psychological support for mothers. Healthcare practitioners and policymakers should develop interventions enhancing maternal self-efficacy and resilience, thereby promoting sustained protective behaviors and safeguarding child health in polluted environments.