Prevalence and interrelationships of cardiometabolic risk factors in Polish adults

The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of obesity, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and diabetes among urban adults aged 20 and older, along with examining the interrelationships among these cardiovascular health risk factors. A study was conducted involving 250 adults aged 20 and older from Rzeszów, Poland. Anthropometric measurements, blood pressure (BP) assessments, and capillary blood samples were collected following established protocols. Significant differences in BMI classifications, BP, lipid profiles, and glucose levels (collectively referred to as blood profile) were identified based on sex. Men exhibited a higher prevalence of obesity (24.0%) compared to women (19.8%). Elevated triglyceride (TG) levels were found in 38.3% of men versus 22.9% of women, while low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels were observed in 31.8% of men but only in 5.2% of women. Rates of hypertension were also higher in men than in women (38.3% versus 22.9%, respectively). Significant relationships among various risk factors, particularly the association between BMI, BP, and lipid levels in men were found. Excess weight notably increased the odds ratios for most elevated cardiovascular risk factors. This study emphasizes the necessity for targeted public health interventions, especially for men and older adults to address increased cardiometabolic risks.