‘What do I do now?’ Vocational students’ perceptions of the (Un)feasibility of higher education

• Financial constraints and a survival-oriented mindset lead many vocational students to favour immediate income over pursuing higher education. • University knowledge is perceived as redundant or outdated, given the easy availability of information online, diminishing the perceived value of a degree. • Peers and family networks, typically with limited educational experience, exert a strong influence that discourages higher education as unrealistic or unnecessary. • These attitudes and choices are not mere individual preferences but reveal deep-rooted structural barriers within the education and labour market systems. • Vocational students’ scepticism towards higher education suggests more flexible, relevant, and financially accessible pathways. Vocational education in Portugal has improved secondary school qualifications, but its impact on higher education remains limited. Government efforts to facilitate this transition have been only partially successful. This paper explores vocational students' perceptions of the accessibility and relevance of HE, with a particular focus on how socio-economic background, educational pathways and labour market challenges influence their aspirations. Using a qualitative approach, data was collected through focus groups and interviews. Findings highlight systemic inequalities, financial constraints and limited cultural capital as key barriers to participation in HE. Economic pressures lead students to prioritise immediate employment and practical skills, while social influences, particularly from family and peers, reinforce doubts about the value of higher education. Many see it as unattainable or unnecessary. To reduce inequalities and improve access, targeted interventions such as improved careers guidance, financial support and better integration of theory and practice in the curriculum are essential.