Evaluating barriers to establish digital trust in industry 4.0 for supply chain resilience in the Indian manufacturing industry

• The potential barriers to establishing digital trust in the adoption of Supply Chain 4.0 for resiliency are assessed and then analyzed. • A mixed-method approach for evaluating the barriers with Pythagorean fuzzy sets has been implemented. • Framework-based assessment of barriers with the investigation of critical dimensions of barriers for establishing digital trust in Supply Chain 4.0. • Crucial implications are presented for the managers and policy makers of the Indian manufacturing supply chain moving towards digitalization. Recent developments in Industry 4.0 technologies have led the manufacturing industry to implement them in its supply chains. The current state of lack of trust in digital systems has made organizations eager to build resilient systems to cope with uncertain circumstances. However, the challenges with handling stakeholder data with transparency, visibility, and accountability still persist. This transition demands the establishment of digital trust for secure information sharing and mitigating risks related to cybersecurity, data privacy, and potential misuse. Through a systematic literature review, this study identifies 17 barriers to establishing digital trust and applies exploratory factor analysis to group them into key dimensions. Further, a case-based analysis in the emerging Indian manufacturing economy’s context employing Pythagorean Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process-Decision-Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory is conducted to prioritize these barriers and explore their interrelationships. The findings reveal that ‘Top management commitment’ and ‘Cybersecurity’ are the most influential barriers to be taken care of to promote collaboration and responsiveness in a digitally enabled supply chain environment. The study contributes by guiding practitioners and researchers working on the digital transformations for supply chains, highlighting digital trust as a foundational capability for achieving resiliency in Supply Chain 4.0. Being less explored in the field of supply chain digitalization, this study is a first step forward to explore digital trust in the Supply Chain 4.0 for resilience.