Abnormal mechanical stress due to excessive femoral torsion is associated with dysplasia of the distal femoral epiphyseal plate and trochlea

DFT alters stress distribution across the epiphysis and epiphyseal plate, which modifies the trabecular microarchitecture in both medial femoral condyles and anterior medial epiphyses, and results in different medial-to-lateral ratio of the distal femoral epiphyseal plate which indicates the severity of trochlear dysplasia, although genetic investigations are needed to establish its causality.