A Comparative Study of Cytotoxicity in Dental Composite Resins

Background: Resin-based dental restorative materials release residual monomers that may affect the vitality of pulp cells and gingival tissue. Aim of the study: The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the cytotoxic effect of the resin composite on human dermal fibroblast normal (HdFn) cells. Materials and methods: In this study we evaluate and compare the cytotoxicity of six light-cured restorative materials, respectively (Activa Bioactive_restorative, Beautifil II, G-aenial (anterior), Kluzer, Palfique Omnichroma, and Briliant EverGlow). We light-cured samples of the materials and directly placed them in contact with cells for 24, 72, and 168 hours. Human dermal fibroblast normal (HdFn) cell lines were seeded in 96-well (1×10⁴) plates and incubated for 24 h at 37°C with the obtained extraction medium.Cytotoxicity tests assess the cell number and growth before and after exposure to that material. We commonly perform the cytotoxic assays using 3-(dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT). The percentage of viable cells in each well (MTT test) was calculated relative to control cells, which were set to 100%. Results: All the composite materials tested caused a decrease in cell number and growth after 1 week (168 h). Conclusions: The different cytotoxic effects of dental composites should be considered when selecting an appropriate resin-based dental restorative material for operative restoration.