The Number of Inflammatory Cells in Generalized Periodontitis Versus Healthy Periodontiu

Background: Periodontal disease is a complex chronic inflammatory condition primarily initiated by an uncontrolled inflammatory response to bacterial colonization of the tooth surface. The subsequent degeneration of periodontal tissues results from the host's inflammatory reaction to the microbial challenge. Purpose: The purpose of this research was to examine the quantitative of inflammatory cells in clinically confirmed states of periodontal health and disease based on the recent periodontal classification criteria. Materials and methods: This cross-sectional study enrolled 88 systemically healthy individuals, divided into two groups based on their periodontal status (healthy periodontium and periodontitis). Gingival tissue samples were obtained from them. Thorough periodontal measurements, such as bleeding on probing, probing pocket depth, and clinical attachment loss, were documented. Tissue samples were fixed in paraffin and then processed to quantify the population of inflammatory cells.Results: a significant difference (p-value < < 0.0001) was found in the scores of the inflammatory cells between periodontitis and healthy periodontium tissue samples. However, there were no significant variations in the number of inflammatory cells among different stages of periodontitis (p-value=0.528). Notably, the number of dendritic cells differed significantly between the two groups.Conclusion: The results demonstrate that the quantity of inflammatory cells is markedly higher in periodontitis-afflicted individuals than those with healthy periodontium. Notably, the number of inflammatory cells did not show a significant correlation with the stages of periodontitis. These findings shed light on the immune response dynamics in periodontal disease and underscore the importance of understanding inflammatory cell profiles in periodontal health and disease management.