Giant Outer Transiting Exoplanet Mass (GOT’EM) survey

We present the characterisation of the TOI-6041 system, a bright ( V = 9.84 ± 0.03) G7-type star hosting at least two planets. The inner planet, TOI-6041 b, is a warm Neptune with a radius of 4.55 −0.17 +0.18 R ⊕ , initially identified as a single-transit event in TESS photometry. Subsequent observations with TESS and CHEOPS revealed additional transits, enabling the determination of its 26.04945 −0.00034 +0.00033 orbital period and the detection of significant transit-timing variations (TTVs), exhibiting a peak-to-peak amplitude of about 1 hour. Radial-velocity (RV) measurements obtained with the APF spectrographs allowed us to place a 3 σ upper mass limit of 28.9 M ⊕ on TOI-6041 b. In addition, the RV data reveal a second companion, TOI-6041 c, on an 88 d orbit, with a minimum mass of 0.25 M Jup . A preliminary TTV analysis suggested that the observed variations could be caused by gravitational perturbations from planet c; however, reproducing the observed amplitudes requires a relatively high eccentricity of about 0.3 for that planet. Our dynamical stability analysis indicates that such a configuration is dynamically viable and places a 1 σ upper limit on the mass of TOI-6041 c at 0.8 M Jup . An alternative is the presence of a third, low-mass planet located between planets b and c, or on an inner orbit relative to planet b – particularly near a mean-motion resonance with planet b – which could account for the observed variations. These findings remain tentative, and further RV and photometric observations are essential in to better constrain the mass of planet b and to refine the TTV modeling, thereby improving our understanding of the system’s dynamical architecture.

Authors

Institutions

Publication Details

Journal
Astronomy and Astrophysics
Published
2026-02-04
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202556700
Primary Topic
Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies
Type
article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
0.00

Funders

Controls
|||
ALL TIME
JAN
FEB
MAR
APR
MAY
JUN
JUL
AUG
SEP
OCT
article

Giant Outer Transiting Exoplanet Mass (GOT’EM) survey

A. Bonfanti, E. Furlan, T. A. Pritchard, T. Bárczy et al.
Astronomy and Astrophysics
Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies
article

Giant Outer Transiting Exoplanet Mass (GOT’EM) survey

A. Bonfanti, E. Furlan, T. A. Pritchard, T. Bárczy, A. Collier Cameron, N. Billot, A. M. S. Smith, S. Csizmadia, W. Benz, S. Sulis, M. Guêdel, L. Borsato, A. E. Simon, I. Ribas, M. B. Davies, D. Dragomir, J. Asquier, A. Deline, V. Nascimbeni, Daryll M. LaCourse, A. Fortier, K. W. F. Lam, A. Erikson, Ε. Πάλλη, C. Broeg, L. L. Kiss, D. Queloz, Stephen B. Howell, D. W. Latham, S. Ulmer-Moll, D. Pollacco, A. C. M. Correia, J. Laskar, K. G. Stassun, W. Baumjohann, A. Leleu, B. Edwards, S. Villanueva, J. A. Egger, R. Alonso, C. Pezzotti, S. Seager, N. Heidari, L. Fossati, J. Korth, Z. Essack, P. E. Cubillos, M. Lendl, S. Wolf, A. Derekas, S. Udry, C. Mordasini, T. Keller, A. Lecavelier des Etangs, A. Brandeker, J. M. Jenkins, G. Piotto, Ch. Helling, Scott McDermott, Y. Alibert, A. Heitzmann, H. Rauer, G. Scandariato, G. M. Szabó, Nuno C. Santos, D. Barrado, G. Ricker, M. Deleuil, D. Gandolfi, S. C. C. Barros, M. Gillon, S. G. Sousa, J. Hasiba, N. Grieves, Stephanie Striegel, N. A. Walton, Valentina Viotto, D. Ségransan, K. Gazeas, J. Venturini, R. Ragazzoni, Brice-Olivier Demory, O. D. S. Demangeon, D. Ehrenreich, M. Fridlund, M. Stalport, G. Olofsson, R. Vanderspek, T. G. Wilson, B. Merín, Paul A. Dalba, G. Nowak, Allyson Bieryla, M. N. Günther, V. Van Grootel, E. Villaver, X. Delfosse, I. Pagano, G. Hébrard, H. P. Osborn, Joshua N. Winn, M. Buder, P. F. L. Maxted, A. Alnajjarine
article en

Abstract

We present the characterisation of the TOI-6041 system, a bright ( V = 9.84 ± 0.03) G7-type star hosting at least two planets. The inner planet, TOI-6041 b, is a warm Neptune with a radius of 4.55 −0.17 +0.18 R ⊕ , initially identified as a single-transit event in TESS photometry. Subsequent observations with TESS and CHEOPS revealed additional transits, enabling the determination of its 26.04945 −0.00034 +0.00033 orbital period and the detection of significant transit-timing variations (TTVs), exhibiting a peak-to-peak amplitude of about 1 hour. Radial-velocity (RV) measurements obtained with the APF spectrographs allowed us to place a 3 σ upper mass limit of 28.9 M ⊕ on TOI-6041 b. In addition, the RV data reveal a second companion, TOI-6041 c, on an 88 d orbit, with a minimum mass of 0.25 M Jup . A preliminary TTV analysis suggested that the observed variations could be caused by gravitational perturbations from planet c; however, reproducing the observed amplitudes requires a relatively high eccentricity of about 0.3 for that planet. Our dynamical stability analysis indicates that such a configuration is dynamically viable and places a 1 σ upper limit on the mass of TOI-6041 c at 0.8 M Jup . An alternative is the presence of a third, low-mass planet located between planets b and c, or on an inner orbit relative to planet b – particularly near a mean-motion resonance with planet b – which could account for the observed variations. These findings remain tentative, and further RV and photometric observations are essential in to better constrain the mass of planet b and to refine the TTV modeling, thereby improving our understanding of the system’s dynamical architecture.

Astronomy and AstrophysicsVol. 707
Eötvös Loránd University (HU), University of Geneva (CH), University of Bern (CH), Leiden University (NL), Ames Research Center (US), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (FR), University of Vienna (AT), Planetary Science Institute (US), Goddard Space Flight Center (US), Austrian Academy of Sciences (AT), University of Padua (IT), University of Liège (BE), Universidad de La Laguna (ES), University of New Mexico (US), Universidade do Porto (PT), Lund University (SE), Vanderbilt University (US), National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (GR), Princeton University (US), Aix-Marseille Université (FR), University of Cambridge (GB), Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (FR), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Galileo Galilei Institute for Theoretical Physics (IT), NASA Exoplanet Science Institute (US), Observatoire de Haute-Provence (FR), Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris (FR), European Space Agency (FR), Observatoire astronomique de Strasbourg (FR), Konkoly Observatory (HU), Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e. V. (DLR) (DE), ETH Zurich (CH), University of Warwick (GB), Sorbonne Université (FR), Graz University of Technology (AT), Institute of Astrophysics and Space Sciences (PT), Institut d'Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (ES), Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (US), Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino (IT), Cavendish Hospital (GB), Institute of Space Sciences (ES), Instituto de Física Teórica (ES), Astrobiology Center (JP), Institute of Astronomy (RU), Osservatorio Astrofisico di Catania (IT), Center for Astrophysics Harvard & Smithsonian (US), HUN-REN Research Centre for Astronomy and Earth Sciences (HU), Centro de Astrobiología (ES), Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (ES), AlbaNova (SE), Computational Physics (United States) (US), Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center (PL), Astronomy and Space (AU), Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova (IT), PROTO Manufacturing (Canada) (CA), Leiden Observatory, European Space Research and Technology Centre (NL), Space Research Organisation Netherlands (NL), University of Turin (IT), Keele University (GB), Massachusetts Institute of Technology (US), Chalmers University of Technology (SE), Freie Universität Berlin (DE), University of Coimbra (PT), Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence (US), Université Grenoble Alpes (FR)
National Science Foundation, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Simons Foundation, California Institute of Technology, Fondazione CRT, Canadian Celiac Association, UK Space Agency, Space Telescope Science Institute, Centres de Recerca de Catalunya, European Space Agency, University of Warwick, European Commission, Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, Agence Nationale de la Recherche, Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung, Swedish National Space Agency, Austrian Science Fund, Fonds De La Recherche Scientifique - FNRS, Belgian Federal Science Policy Office, Generalitat de Catalunya, Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales, Nuclear Safety and Security Commission, Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación, Université de Liège, Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia, Inovações e Comunicações, Agencia Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo, Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, Ames Research Center, Science Mission Directorate, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, Staatssekretariat für Bildung, Forschung und Innovation, European Regional Development Fund, Agencia Estatal de Investigación, National Research, Development and Innovation Office
Openalex Percentile: Top 99%
Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies
DOIOpen Access PDFOpenAlex
AI Navigator

Ask Laika to Summarize, Analyze, and Connect papers live on the map.

Summarize Papers & Methodologies

Extract key findings, datasets, and comparative methods across publications.

Benchmark Rankings & Visual Analytics

Rank top research institutions, authors, funders, topics, and journals by Field-Weighted Citation Impact (FWCI) and paper volume with instant charts.

Connect Distant Disciplines

Bridge topological clusters on the map to find hidden collaborative intersections.