Three New Phenolic Compounds From the Twigs and Leaves of <i>Casearia glomerata</i>

Phytochemical studies of the twigs and leaves of Casearia glomerata yielded three previously undescribed phenolic compounds, including two phenylpropanoid derivatives, Casearata A (1) and Casearata B (2), one butyrolactone, Casearata C (3), as well as eleven known compounds 4-14. Their structures were elucidated by nuclear magnetic resonance, infrared, mass spectrometry, and ultraviolet spectroscopy. The absolute configurations of the new compounds were determined by a combination of linear correlation coefficients (R²), DP4+ probability analysis, and electronic circular dichroism calculations. The cytotoxic activity of compounds 1-4 and 6-14 was evaluated. Among these, compound 7 exhibited weak inhibitory effects against MDA-MB-231, HCT-116, HepG2, and A549 tumor cell lines, with IC₅₀ values of 21.70-39.08 µM.