Ti‐rich Medium‐Entropy‐Alloy Thin Films as Robust Diffusion Barriers for Thermoelectric Generators

Chemical interdiffusion at interfaces is inevitable and often detrimental in devices subjected to temperature gradients or electrical currents with Joule heating. Identifying diffusion barriers that ensure mechanical durability, stable electrical conduction, and resistance to intermetallic formation remains a key challenge. Here, the medium‐entropy alloys (MEAs) guided by thermodynamic engineering as robust alternatives to conventional Ni layers are exploited. By experimentally establishing phase equilibria at 1273 K, a single‐phase β ‐Ti region within the Ti 70 ‐Al–Cr–V system is identified. Microstructural and mechanical assessments further delineates an optimal compositional window for Ti‐rich alloys suitable as diffusion barriers. Selected Ti 70 AlCrV alloys exhibit low density and moderate hardness an advantageous balance that minimizes weight while ensuring mechanical integrity. To evaluate functionality, Ni and Ti‐rich MEA thin films are deposited on n ‐type PbTe substrates and integrate into single‐leg thermoelectric devices. Remarkably, Ti‐rich MEA barriers impart superior thermal stability, sustaining conversion efficiencies above 1.91% under a 200 K temperature gradient. Significantly, the single‐phase Ti‐rich MEA thin film effectively suppresses interfacial intermetallic growth, attributed to their ability to curb diffusion‐driven reactions. This work advances the design of MEAs and highlights their promise as diffusion barriers for scalable thermoelectric technologies.

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Publication Details

Journal
Advanced Engineering Materials
Published
2025-12-03
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1002/adem.202502462
Primary Topic
High Entropy Alloys Studies
Type
article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
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article

Ti‐rich Medium‐Entropy‐Alloy Thin Films as Robust Diffusion Barriers for Thermoelectric Generators

Chang‐Wei Huang, Chih‐Yen Chen, J.C. Huang, I‐Lun Jen et al.
Advanced Engineering Materials
High Entropy Alloys Studies
article

Ti‐rich Medium‐Entropy‐Alloy Thin Films as Robust Diffusion Barriers for Thermoelectric Generators

Chang‐Wei Huang, Chih‐Yen Chen, J.C. Huang, I‐Lun Jen, Wen‐Chi Yang, Po–Yen Chen, Hsin‐Jay Wu, Yu‐Chieh Lo, J.S.C. Jang, Wenqian Wu, Shou‐Yi Chang, Tsai‐Fu Chung
article en

Abstract

Chemical interdiffusion at interfaces is inevitable and often detrimental in devices subjected to temperature gradients or electrical currents with Joule heating. Identifying diffusion barriers that ensure mechanical durability, stable electrical conduction, and resistance to intermetallic formation remains a key challenge. Here, the medium‐entropy alloys (MEAs) guided by thermodynamic engineering as robust alternatives to conventional Ni layers are exploited. By experimentally establishing phase equilibria at 1273 K, a single‐phase β ‐Ti region within the Ti 70 ‐Al–Cr–V system is identified. Microstructural and mechanical assessments further delineates an optimal compositional window for Ti‐rich alloys suitable as diffusion barriers. Selected Ti 70 AlCrV alloys exhibit low density and moderate hardness an advantageous balance that minimizes weight while ensuring mechanical integrity. To evaluate functionality, Ni and Ti‐rich MEA thin films are deposited on n ‐type PbTe substrates and integrate into single‐leg thermoelectric devices. Remarkably, Ti‐rich MEA barriers impart superior thermal stability, sustaining conversion efficiencies above 1.91% under a 200 K temperature gradient. Significantly, the single‐phase Ti‐rich MEA thin film effectively suppresses interfacial intermetallic growth, attributed to their ability to curb diffusion‐driven reactions. This work advances the design of MEAs and highlights their promise as diffusion barriers for scalable thermoelectric technologies.

Advanced Engineering MaterialsVol. 28(2)
National Sun Yat-sen University (TW), National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University (TW), Chung Yuan Christian University (TW), National Taiwan University (TW), National Central University (TW), National Tsing Hua University (TW), Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica (TW), National Yunlin University of Science and Technology (TW)
Openalex Percentile: Top 60%
High Entropy Alloys Studies
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