Analysis of karst groundwater runoff conditions based on statistics and reverse hydrogeochemical modeling methods

Karst groundwater is widely distributed in China, and karst water resources are the main source of water for human life, industry, and agriculture. To scientifically understand and rationally exploit karst groundwater, it is necessary to analyze the runoff conditions of karst groundwater. This study comprehensively applied statistical methods, Shukalev classification, reverse hydrogeochemical modeling, and Kriging interpolation in ArcGIS to analyze the hydrochemical characteristics and runoff conditions of the three karst groundwater runoff belts in the Fengfeng mining area. The results show that: (1) The hydrochemical type in the study area is mainly HCO₃·SO₄-Ca·Mg type, and the eastern region changes greatly, while the western region changes little; (2) The chemical reactions and water-rock interactions occurring during the flow of groundwater in different runoff belts of the study area are different; (3) The runoff conditions derived from hydrogeochemical methods are consistent with existing geological data, indicating that this method is suitable for identifying groundwater runoff conditions. In this study, the hydrogeochemical reaction of karst groundwater in the flow process is quantitatively evaluated from the spatial point of view, and the runoff conditions of different runoff belts are analyzed, so as to provide new methods and new ideas for the determination of groundwater runoff conditions.