Parametric Scoring Framework for Site Selection of Floating Offshore Wind Farm in India

Abstract A comprehensive feasibility study for floating offshore wind projects requires consensus among various stakeholders through iterative dialogs and data exchanges. The present study proposes a framework for evaluating the suitability of floating offshore wind sites, incorporating multicriteria decision-making based on parametric scoring functions. The methodology utilizes the open-source ERA-5 reanalysis hindcast dataset for wind resource assessment in conjunction with GEBCO Gridded Bathymetry data. A weighted multiplicative score, termed as suitability score, is formulated by combining wind speed, water depth, and proximity to ports. The suitability score is quantified using hypothetical weights representing the relative importance of the chosen key parameters. Gaussian and logistic penalty scoring functions are applied for water depth and distance from ports. The framework is further utilized to estimate optimal sites for installing floating offshore wind turbines in India’s exclusive economic zone (EEZ). The study uses the offshore regions of Tamil Nadu and Gujarat as a case study. Results indicate a high suitability in the deeper waters of Gujarat and Tamil Nadu, with the Gujarat EEZ exhibiting favorable conditions due to higher mean windspeeds (>8.5 m/s) and appropriate depths (>60 m) closer to the chosen ports within the EEZ. The assumed floating wind farms in these zones yield up to 12% higher annual energy production and 10% improved capacity factor compared to bottom-fixed offshore wind farms located in shallower waters. This work contributes to early-phase feasibility evaluation of offshore wind farms.