Study on the Risk Zone of Hydrogen Leak Diffusion in High-Pressure Hydrogen Transmission Pipeline Station Fields

The safe operation of hydrogen transmission pipeline stations is paramount for the widespread adoption of hydrogen energy. This study addresses the significant hazard of hydrogen leakage in high-pressure pipeline stations by employing numerical simulations to investigate the dispersion behavior under various conditions. It specifically focuses on the complex interplay between meteorological factors, operational parameters, and station layout. A key finding is that the structural configuration of obstacles—namely their height and distance from the leakage source—serves as the dominant mechanism controlling the evolution of the hazard radius, overshadowing the influence of traditional parameters like wind speed and leak diameter in obstructed environments. Based on this insight, a novel and robust predictive model for the dynamic hazard radius was developed using multiple regression analysis. The model accurately quantifies the impact of leakage duration, obstacle spacing, and obstacle height, achieving an excellent fit (R2 = 0.9848) with a prediction error of less than 5% compared to simulation data. This study provides valuable insights for defining risk zones and supports the development of effective safety measures and emergency response strategies for hydrogen infrastructure, thereby contributing to the secure and sustainable deployment of hydrogen energy.