Gait Generation and Motion Implementation of Humanoid Robots Based on Hierarchical Whole-Body Control

Attempting to make machines mimic human walking, grasping, balancing, and other behaviors is a deep exploration of cognitive science and biological principles. Due to the existing prediction lag problem, an error compensation mechanism that integrates historical motion data is proposed. By constructing a humanoid autonomous walking control system, this paper aims to use a three-dimensional linear inverted pendulum model to plan the general framework of motion. Firstly, the landing point coordinates of the single foot support period are preset through gait cycle parameters. In addition, it is substituted into dynamic equation to solve the centroid (COM) trajectory curve that conforms to physical constraints. A hierarchical whole-body control architecture is designed, with a task priority based on quadratic programming solver used at the bottom to decompose high-level motion instructions into joint space control variables and fuse sensor data. Furthermore, the numerical iterative algorithm is used to solve the sequence of driving angles for each joint, forming the control input parameters for driving the robot’s motion. This algorithm solves the limitations of traditional inverted pendulum models on vertical motion constraints by optimizing the centroid motion trajectory online. At the same time, it introduces a contact phase sequence prediction mechanism to ensure a smooth transition of the foot trajectory during the switching process. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed framework improves disturbance rejection capability by over 30% compared to traditional ZMP tracking and achieves a real-time control loop frequency of 1 kHz, confirming its enhanced robustness and computational efficiency.