Pathogen-specific immunity debt in children after prolonged nonpharmaceutical interventions: a cross-sectional study in China
Our results provide the first multi-pathogen serological evidence that prolonged NPIs led to pathogen-specific immunity debt in young children in China. The effects were most pronounced for pathogens with high pre-pandemic circulation or rapid antigenic drift. Sustained serological surveillance and pathogen-targeted vaccination strategies can mitigate epidemic rebounds after periods of reduced exposure.
Authors
- Zhaolin Hua (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9242-1387)
- Di Lv
- Baidong Hou
- Lijuan Tang
- Qun Fang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1380-2868)
- Yuanmei Chen (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3804-731X)
- Ziyao Li (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0955-8265)
- Guohui Fan (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5187-1867)
- Haibo Li (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1568-9002)
- Bin Cao (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6991-0350)
- Qi Zhang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6096-0690)
- Chang Ming Guo
- Jing LiuPhD
Institutions
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (CN)
- China-Japan Friendship Hospital (CN)
- Institute of Biophysics (CN)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CN)
Publication Details
- Journal
- International Journal of Infectious Diseases
- Published
- 2025-12-03
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2025.108278
- Primary Topic
- Vaccine Coverage and Hesitancy
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 0.00
Funders
- National Natural Science Foundation of China
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences
- National Key Research and Development Program of China
- China-Japan Friendship Hospital