Operational optimization of high-proportion clean energy systems based on electricity-hydrogen-energy storage synergy

High-renewable power systems are crucial for climate change mitigation and energy transition, yet their grid integration poses stability challenges. Hydrogen energy storage, with its large-scale and long-duration advantages, offers a promising solution to enhance flexibility against the volatility and intermittency of high-proportion clean energy. While recent studies have explored various electricity-synergy business models, they often lack a unified multidimensional evaluation framework. This study establishes an electricity-hydrogen-energy storage synergistic optimization model that minimizes total operational costs while comparing hydrogen transportation and electricity transmission modes. Simulation in a high-renewable demonstration area in Southwest China shows the hydrogen transportation mode outperforms, reducing wind and solar curtailment rates to 12.68% and 7.75%, respectively, cutting system costs by 57.3%, and generating additional hydrogen revenue. Sensitivity analysis identifies hydrogen selling price and production efficiency as key economic drivers, offering insights for planning and operating hydrogen storage in high-renewable systems. These findings support decision-making for electro-hydrogen system planning, business model innovation, and policy formulation.