Poly-ADP-ribosylation modulated by poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 is associated with glucose metabolism in colorectal cancer cells

The preference of cancer cells to generate energy from glycolysis for rapid cell proliferation is called the Warburg effect. Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) performs various cellular functions, including poly-ADP-ribosylation and DNA repair. In the present study, we investigated the novel effects and mechanisms of PARP1 inhibition on glucose metabolism in colorectal cancer cells under hypoxia. We subjected Caco-2 and LoVo cancer cell lines to a concentration gradient of PARP1 inhibitor in a hypoxic environment induced with a tri-gas incubator (5 % CO₂, 1 % O₂, 94 % N₂). Inhibiting PARP1 activation attenuated Poly-ADP-ribosylation, increasing the NAD⁺/NADH ratio. High concentrations of PARP1 significantly reduced the glucose consumption rate of the treated cells, while PARP1 inhibition depressed cell progression in a concentration-dependent manner. The expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), hexokinase 2 (HK2), and glucose transporter 1 (GLUT-1), critical for the Warburg effect and glucose metabolism, was considerably reduced after the inhibitor treatments. Moreover, inhibiting PARP1 activation reduced phosphorylated AKT (p-AKT) and mTOR (p-mTOR) levels. In conclusion, our study revealed that PARP1 inhibition decelerates the Warburg effect in colorectal cancer cells, likely through the AKT/mTOR/HIF-1α pathway.