The time-resolved luminescence end station for studies of ultrafast relaxation processes under pulsed femtosecond X-rays at the FemtoMAX beamline

We present the time-resolved luminescence end station developed at the FemtoMAX beamline at the MAX IV Laboratory for the studies of ultrafast energy relaxation and emission properties. The instrument consists of a temperature-controlled vacuum chamber sample environment, in which the UV-visible luminescence is collected from the point of interaction of ultrashort x-ray pulses with luminescent material and directed to a monochromator equipped with an ultrafast MCP-PMT detector operating in a photon-counting mode. The instrumental response function of the setup, determined by the duration of x-ray pulses (50 fs), optical path, and fast MCP-PMT response, was measured to 32 ps (FWHM) within the spectral range of 200-700 nm. In this paper, we present the results obtained under different operational conditions on the basis of three well-known scintillating samples, demonstrating that this instrument development for the scintillator community has established the foundation for ultrafast luminescence studies at FemtoMAX.