High-performance heat flux sensors based on the TTE effect of <i>c</i> -axis inclined Pb-doped BiCuTeO films

The transverse thermoelectric (TTE) effect is a unique thermoelectric phenomenon, which has great potential in fast-response heat flux detection. In this work, TTE heat flux sensors have been developed by growing c-axis inclined Pb-doped BiCuTeO films on 10° tilted LaAlO3 (001) substrates. The sensor based on 1.1 at. % Pb-doped films exhibits very high sensitivity to a static heat flux of 34.48 μV/(kW/m2) and an ultrafast response of 53 ns under pulsed laser irradiation. In addition, when exposed to 300 °C for over 5 h, the response voltage of the sensor remains relatively stable. The above results demonstrated that the BiCuTeO film is a good material for TTE heat flux sensors with high sensitivity, fast response, and long-time detection stability.