Risk factors and prediction model for submucosal invasion in early protruding-type esophagogastric junction adenocarcinoma: conventional endoscopy combines with endoscopic ultrasonography

A validated predictive model has been developed to identify SM2 invasion in protruding-type early EGJAC. This predictive tool additionally facilitates optimal treatment selection guidance for patients with protruding-type early EGJAC. In addition, accurate assessment of CE-SM2 low-confidence invasion in protruding-type early EGJAC requires integrated evaluation incorporating CE, EUS, and GERD parameters.