A Strategic SRM Framework Integrating RDT and TCT for SMES in Cross-Border E-Commerce

The rapid growth of cross-border e-commerce (CBEC) has expanded global market access for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), but it has also introduced significant challenges in managing supplier relationships. This study investigates how CBEC SMEs can enhance Supplier Relationship Management (SRM) to improve delivery performance. Drawing on Resource Dependence Theory (RDT) and Transaction Cost Theory (TCT), the research develops a conceptual framework that connects key supplier challenges, including overdependence, poor communication, lack of contractual governance and absence of performance monitoring with structured SRM mechanisms. A qualitative research approach is adopted, supported by a semi-structured interview with the CEO of a Chinese CBEC SME to illustrate common governance failures and their operational consequences. The proposed framework identifies four core mechanisms: supplier diversification, communication structuring, long-term contracting, and performance-based evaluation, each associated with measurable performance indicators. The study contributes to both theory and practice by integrating RDT and TCT into a conceptual framework that addresses the combined problems of external dependency and coordination inefficiency. It offers SMEs a structured governance strategy while advancing the theoretical integration of RDT and TCT in supply chain contexts. The study clarifies how CBEC SMEs experience supplier dependence and coordination challenges, and how structured SRM mechanisms can be designed to address these issues.