MgO-ZnO-Au tri-nanohybrid fluid flow across an artery with uses of the respiratory system’s blood circulation and medication delivery

Nowadays, blood is often considered as a base fluid to examine the chemical interactions among its components, and many modern medications are designed in the form of tri-hybrid nanofluids. In this study, the objective is to develop the mathematical framework of tri-hybrid nanofluid dynamics, which can serve as a model for drug delivery through a permeable channel, using pure blood as the base fluid combined with MgO, ZnO, and Au nanoparticles. Since biological fluid transport through arteries is an important subject in current research, the effects of heat generation due to absorption and strong magnetic fields are also incorporated. The governing equations are transformed into a system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations using similarity transformations, and the built-in bvp4c function in MATLAB is employed for numerical solutions. The analysis reveals that the tri-hybrid nanofluid composed of MgO, ZnO, and Au enhances both drug delivery in contracting and expanding channels and thermal performance. Moreover, the heat source-sink parameter increases heat generation in the fluid, thereby elevating the temperature profile as its values rise.