Modern Information Technology in Smart Sustainable Agriculture (SSA): A Review of Current Trends and Future Directions

Abstract The convergence of artificial intelligence (AI) and Internet of Things (IoT) in agriculture is poised to revolutionize the industry. By harnessing the power of AI and IoT, farmers can optimize crop yields, reduce waste, and promote sustainable farming practices. Recent years have witnessed a surge in the development of AI and IoT technologies tailored to agriculture, enabling farmers to monitor soil health, crop growth, and weather patterns in real time. The benefits of AI and IoT in agriculture are multifaceted. AI-powered systems can identify potential issues, such as pests, diseases, and nutrient deficiencies, allowing for early intervention and minimizing crop losses. IoT technologies provide farmers with actionable insights, enabling them to make informed decisions on planting, irrigation, and harvesting. Furthermore, the integration of AI and IoT in agriculture has the potential to transform the sector, enabling farmers to respond to environmental challenges more effectively and promoting sustainable farming practices. This review provides an overview of existing IoT/AI technologies adopted for Smart Sustainable Agriculture (SSA). The paper explores the current state of AI and IoT applications in agriculture engineering, identifying prominent applications and providing an IoT/AI architecture for a Smart Sustainable Agriculture platform.