A Comprehensive Review of Research on Pulsating Beds

Despite the recognized potential of pulsating fluidized beds (PFBs), a systematic review that links pulsation parameters to macroscopic enhancements and the underlying microscopic mechanisms is currently lacking. This review addresses this gap by first synthesizing how pulsating airflow can surpass traditional fluidization in reducing the minimum fluidization velocity (Umf), improving bed stability, and precisely regulating bubble dynamics. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the frequency of pulsation influences particle mixing and separation efficiency, while the amplitude of pulsation has a direct effect on heat and mass transfer. Importantly, we identify a critical knowledge gap: there is insufficient understanding of the microscopic interactions—such as inter-particle collision dynamics and local force networks—that underpin these macroscopic phenomena. This work establishes a foundational framework that connects operational parameters to multiscale outcomes, thereby guiding future research toward targeted optimization of PFB systems.