Urban High-Rise Building Asymmetric Settlement Induced by Subsurface Geological Anomalies: A Case Analysis of Mechanisms and Mitigation Strategies

Urban geological complexities induce asymmetric differential settlement of high-rise buildings, threatening structural stability and necessitating sustainable remediation. This study combines field monitoring with geotechnical simulations to diagnose karst void-induced foundation failures in the Zhongyi Park Wangfu Community (Guizhou karst urban area), proposing a low-carbon grouting strategy for subsurface spatial reinforcement. Key findings include the following: (1) Field monitoring identified significant asymmetric settlement and lateral displacement of the structure, primarily caused by the presence of voids in the strata and piles not founded on bedrock. (2) Theoretical modeling reveals that geotechnical properties of soil at the pile tip and along the pile shaft are the most critical factors controlling settlement magnitude, with larger cavity heights further intensifying the asymmetric deformation. (3) A novel grouting lifting strategy was implemented, involving layered reinforcement of weak soil above the pile end and grout-based compaction to generate controlled uplift force, targeting the mitigation of asymmetric settlement. (4) Post-intervention monitoring confirmed the strategy’s effectiveness, achieving a final deviation of only 2 cm in compliance with national standards (with asymmetric characteristics effectively controlled), while utilizing environmentally sustainable materials.