Deployment and validation of predictive 6-dimensional beam diagnostics through generative reconstruction with standard accelerator elements
Understanding the 6-dimensional phase space distribution of particle beams is essential for optimizing accelerator performance. Conventional diagnostics such as use of transverse deflecting cavities offer detailed characterization but require dedicated hardware and space. Generative phase space reconstruction (GPSR) methods have shown promise in beam diagnostics, yet prior implementations still rely on such components. Here we present the first experimental implementation and validation of the GPSR methodology, realized by the use of standard accelerator elements including accelerating cavities and dipole magnets, to achieve complete 6-dimensional phase space reconstruction. Through simulations and experiments at the Pohang Accelerator Laboratory X-ray Free Electron Laser facility, we successfully reconstruct complex, nonlinear beam structures. Furthermore, we validate the methodology by predicting independent downstream measurements excluded from training, revealing the reconstruction closely resembling ground truth. This advancement establishes a pathway for predictive diagnostics across beamline segments while reducing hardware requirements and expanding applicability to various accelerator facilities.
Authors
- S. Kim (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1431-4732)
- Chi Hyun Shim (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8548-5865)
- Haeryong Yang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6773-3781)
- Ryan Roussel (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1656-8111)
- Auralee Edelen (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5833-2003)
- Juan Pablo Gonzalez-Aguilera (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4198-749X)
- Gyujin Kim (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3751-2419)
- Hoon Heo (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0007-9779-6429)
- Myung Hoon Cho (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3970-8199)
- Y. K. Kim (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3286-1326)
Institutions
- Pohang University of Science and Technology (KR)
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (US)
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (US)
- University of Chicago (US)
Publication Details
- Journal
- Scientific Reports
- Published
- 2025-12-03
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-26954-6
- Primary Topic
- Particle Accelerators and Free-Electron Lasers
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 0.00
Funders
- National Science Foundation
- U.S. Department of Energy
- National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center
- National Research Foundation
- National Research Foundation of Korea
- Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea
- Office of Science
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory