Harnessing the Synergy of Lipids and Polymers: Hybrid Lipid Polymer Nanoparticles in Biomedicine

Abstract: Lipid-Polymer hybrid Nanoparticles (LPNs) are a new type of drug delivery system that combines the stability of polymers with the biocompatibility of lipids. They consist of a polymer core carrying the drug and a lipid layer that improves stability and retention. Green synthesis methods, such as using plant extracts or microbial agents, are gaining attention as safer and eco-friendly alternatives to chemical synthesis. When combined with lipid and polymer components, these approaches may improve selectivity, drug release, and safety. LPNs can be prepared by single-step or two-step techniques using biodegradable polymers like PLGA or PCL and lipids such as stearic acid. This review also highlights green methods that avoid toxic solvents and improve biological safety. Green-synthesized LPNs show better drug loading, controlled release, and reduced toxicity. Their applications include cancer therapy, ocular drug delivery, brain targeting, and diagnostic imaging. LPNs prepared through green approaches represent a sustainable option for modern nanomedicine and may support safer and more effective drug delivery.