Effects of leukocyte- platelets rich fibrin and nano-particles on the healing of hemisected sciatic nerve in dog: Experimental study

The regeneration of peripheral nerves, especially the sciatic nerve, remains limited, making clinical management difficult and outcomes of routine surgical techniques often unsatisfactory. Emerging bioactive materials, including Leukocyte–Platelet Rich Fibrin (L-PRF) and Nano–Magnesium Oxide (NMO), offer new therapeutic possibilities. The primary objective of this research was to conduct a comparative assessment of the regenerative capabilities of L-PRF and NMO in enhancing both functional recovery and structural repair of hemisected sciatic nerves in dogs. Twenty-seven adult male dogs were randomly allocated into three groups (n = 9): control (untreated), L-PRF, and NMO (treated). Following standardized surgical hemitransection of the sciatic nerve, the bioactive materials were locally applied at the site of incision according to the respective experimental groups. Clinical observations, macroscopic assessments, histopathological examination, and immunohistochemical analysis for collagen type IV were performed at 7, 30, and 60 days postoperatively. The NMO group achieved the fastest and most complete limb function recovery, with histology showing enhanced remyelination, organized collagen deposition, and reduced inflammation. Immunohistochemistry indicated early, strong upregulation of collagen type IV, suggesting accelerated matrix remodeling and nerve organization. The L-PRF group also improved sciatic nerve regeneration over the control, though to a lesser extent than NMO. This study provides compelling evidence that both NMO and L-PRF significantly enhance peripheral nerve repair compared to the control, with NMO exhibiting the most pronounced improvement in both structural and functional recovery among all groups. These findings underscore the therapeutic potential of NMO and L-PRF as adjunctive strategies in peripheral nerve repair.