Epidemic of Equine Herpesvirus: Experience of the Republic of Kazakhstan

The Prevalence and Epidemiological Situation of Equine Rhinopneumonia in the Republic of Kazakhstan from 2021 to 2022. In the years 2021-2022, three stables in different regions of Kazakhstan, each housing 200 horses, were investigated for epidemic surveillance. Diagnosis of horses for the disease, as well as measures for the treatment and prevention of rhinopneumonia, were conducted. Statistical analysis was carried out utilizing one-way ANOVA and t-test to identify statistically significant differences in morbidity between different regions, age groups, and farms. Phylogenetic analysis of the viral genetic material was performed using the Blast program for comparison with previously isolated strains. The prevalence of rhinopneumonia escalated throughout the investigated period, with the identification of five epidemiologically distressed regions in Kazakhstan. Results: Statistically significant differences among symptom groups (nasal discharge, coughing, fever, and apathy) were detected (F(3, 396) = 6.23, p = 0.001). Statistically significant disparities in morbidity were identified among age groups (F(2, 297) = 3.91, p = 0.02). In 2022, 15 ± 5 cases of rhinopneumonia were registered compared to 20 ± 7 cases in 2023. The findings of this study underscore the importance of equine vaccination, particularly in regions with high epidemiological burdens. Conclusions: Moreover, it emphasizes the necessity for a systematic approach to managing the epidemiological situation and regular surveillance of morbidity. Analysis of phylogenetic data aids in understanding the virus's origin and its relationship with other strains, which can be instrumental in developing effective strategies for controlling and preventing equine rhinopneumonia.