Global Trends in Biotic and Abiotic Stress Mitigation Strategies for Common Bean: A Bibliometric Study

Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is a cornerstone of global food security, yet its production is persistently challenged by biotic and abiotic stresses. This study conducted a bibliometric analysis following PRISMA guidelines on 549 documents published between 1971 and mid-2025, using Biblioshiny, VOSviewer, and CiteSpace. Results reveal a scientific output concentrated in leading institutions such as Michigan State University (MSU, USA) and the International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT, Colombia). Collaboration networks are dominated by influential authors including Beebe, S. and Kelly, J.D., with Euphytica and Crop Science emerging as primary publication outlets. Research trends highlight salinity tolerance, oxidative stress, and chromosomal mapping, where advanced technologies such as SNP chips have supplanted RAPD markers. Critical challenges remain, including limited phenotyping capacity and the complexity of polygenic resistance, with urgent implications for developing countries where beans are vital for food security but face barriers to technology adoption and restricted participation in global research networks. Concurrently, mitigation strategies have shifted toward sustainable approaches, incorporating beneficial microorganisms for biotic stress and bio-stimulants or plant extracts for abiotic stress. Since 2020, the field has increasingly embraced multifunctional strategies leveraging natural mechanisms to enhance crop resilience. This analysis offers a comprehensive knowledge base to guide future research agendas.