On the number of monochromatic solutions to multiplicative equations
Abstract The following question was asked by Prendiville: given an r -colouring of the interval $$\{2, \dotsc , N\}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>{</mml:mo> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mo>⋯</mml:mo> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mi>N</mml:mi> <mml:mo>}</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> , what is the minimum number of monochromatic solutions of the equation $$xy = z$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>x</mml:mi> <mml:mi>y</mml:mi> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mi>z</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> ? For $$r=2$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>r</mml:mi> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> , we show that there are always asymptotically at least $$(1/2\sqrt{2}) N^{1/2} \log N$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> <mml:mo>/</mml:mo> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> <mml:msqrt> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:msqrt> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>N</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> <mml:mo>/</mml:mo> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> <mml:mo>log</mml:mo> <mml:mi>N</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> monochromatic solutions, and that the leading constant is sharp. For $$r=3$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>r</mml:mi> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mn>3</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> and $$r=4$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>r</mml:mi> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mn>4</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> we obtain tight results up to a multiplicative logarithmic factor. We also provide bounds for more colours and other multiplicative equations.
Authors
- Lucas Wagner Ribeiro Aragão (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0004-7292-463X)
- Jonathan Chapman (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7848-0735)
- Victor Souza (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7598-7792)
- Miquel Ortega
Institutions
- East Sussex County Council (GB)
- Cornell University (US)
- University of Warwick (GB)
- Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (BR)
- Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (ES)
Publication Details
- Journal
- COMBINATORICA
- Published
- 2025-12-01
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1007/s00493-025-00183-x
- Primary Topic
- Functional Equations Stability Results
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 0.00
Funders
- UK Research and Innovation
- Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
- Agencia Estatal de Investigación