On the number of monochromatic solutions to multiplicative equations

Abstract The following question was asked by Prendiville: given an r -colouring of the interval $$\{2, \dotsc , N\}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>{</mml:mo> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mo>⋯</mml:mo> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mi>N</mml:mi> <mml:mo>}</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> , what is the minimum number of monochromatic solutions of the equation $$xy = z$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>x</mml:mi> <mml:mi>y</mml:mi> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mi>z</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> ? For $$r=2$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>r</mml:mi> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> , we show that there are always asymptotically at least $$(1/2\sqrt{2}) N^{1/2} \log N$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> <mml:mo>/</mml:mo> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> <mml:msqrt> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:msqrt> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>N</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> <mml:mo>/</mml:mo> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> <mml:mo>log</mml:mo> <mml:mi>N</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> monochromatic solutions, and that the leading constant is sharp. For $$r=3$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>r</mml:mi> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mn>3</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> and $$r=4$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>r</mml:mi> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mn>4</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> we obtain tight results up to a multiplicative logarithmic factor. We also provide bounds for more colours and other multiplicative equations.

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Publication Details

Journal
COMBINATORICA
Published
2025-12-01
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00493-025-00183-x
Primary Topic
Functional Equations Stability Results
Type
article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
0.00

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article

On the number of monochromatic solutions to multiplicative equations

Lucas Wagner Ribeiro Aragão, Jonathan Chapman, Victor Souza, Miquel Ortega
COMBINATORICA
Functional Equations Stability Results
article

On the number of monochromatic solutions to multiplicative equations

Lucas Wagner Ribeiro Aragão, Jonathan Chapman, Victor Souza, Miquel Ortega
article en

Abstract

Abstract The following question was asked by Prendiville: given an r -colouring of the interval $$\{2, \dotsc , N\}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>{</mml:mo> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mo>⋯</mml:mo> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mi>N</mml:mi> <mml:mo>}</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> , what is the minimum number of monochromatic solutions of the equation $$xy = z$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>x</mml:mi> <mml:mi>y</mml:mi> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mi>z</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> ? For $$r=2$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>r</mml:mi> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> , we show that there are always asymptotically at least $$(1/2\sqrt{2}) N^{1/2} \log N$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> <mml:mo>/</mml:mo> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> <mml:msqrt> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:msqrt> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>N</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> <mml:mo>/</mml:mo> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> <mml:mo>log</mml:mo> <mml:mi>N</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> monochromatic solutions, and that the leading constant is sharp. For $$r=3$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>r</mml:mi> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mn>3</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> and $$r=4$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>r</mml:mi> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mn>4</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> we obtain tight results up to a multiplicative logarithmic factor. We also provide bounds for more colours and other multiplicative equations.

COMBINATORICAVol. 45(6)
East Sussex County Council (GB), Cornell University (US), University of Warwick (GB), Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (BR), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (ES)
UK Research and Innovation, Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior, Agencia Estatal de Investigación
Openalex Percentile: Top 49%
Functional Equations Stability Results
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