Clinical case of pulmonary mycobacteriosis caused by Mycobacterium avium in a patient with bronchiectatic disease

Pulmonary mycobacteriosis caused by nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) is a chronic infectious disease characterized by a prolonged, often oligosymptomatic course and significant diagnostic challenges. The most common pathogen in immunocompetent patients is Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC), which primarily affects the bronchopulmonary system in individuals with predisposing factors such as bronchiectasis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, or a history of viral respiratory infections. This paper presents a clinical case of a 56-year-old female patient with bronchiectatic disease, in whom pulmonary mycobacteriosis was diagnosed based on comprehensive evaluation including computed tomography of the chest, bronchoscopy with bronchoalveolar lavage, and microbiological as well as molecular-genetic studies.