Comparative analysis of technical and vocational education and training systems in China and Sub-Saharan Africa for sustainable development

This study presents a rigorous systematic review of Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) systems in China and Sub-Saharan Africa, conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines and drawing on literature published between 2012 and 2024. The findings highlight China’s strategic integration of TVET into national development agendas, underpinned by strong governmental support, industry partnerships, and ongoing curricular reform. Conversely, Sub-Saharan Africa faces systemic challenges that undermine the quality of training and its relevance to the labor market. The study advances a multidimensional framework emphasizing pedagogical innovation, infrastructural capacity, and social inclusion, offering a context-responsive model to enhance the effectiveness, equity, and transformative potential of African TVET systems.