Massive Intracranial Lesion in an AIDS Patient: Diagnostic Challenge Between Brain Tumor and Toxoplasmic Encephalitis Resolved by Empirical Therapy

This case illustrated that seronegative Toxoplasmic encephalitis may mimic aggressive neoplasms radiologically and clinically in advanced AIDS. Empirical anti-toxoplasma therapy should be considered a prioritized intervention over invasive diagnostics for ring-enhancing lesions in severely immunocompromised patients, particularly when brain biopsy is high-risk or contraindicated, even in seronegative cases.