Recent Advances in Photocatalytic Conversion of Furfural

The photocatalytic conversion of biomass-derived furfural (FUR) represents a promising pathway for producing value-added chemicals and fuels in the context of sustainable energy and chemical synthesis. In this case, performance optimization and design of both traditional and novel catalysts are urgently demanded, aiming to provide theoretical guidance and technical support for efficient and selective photocatalytic conversion. This review comprehensively summarizes recent advances in the photocatalytic conversion of FUR into a range of valuable products, mainly including hydrogenation and oxidation, as well as coupling reactions. Different reaction pathways and catalytic methods are introduced, with emphasis on the performance, advantages, and disadvantages of different catalyst systems. We also outline current challenges and perspectives in this field, as well as directions to inspire further innovation in solar-driven biomass conversion toward a more sustainable chemical industry.