Intrarenal parapelvic cysts presenting as allograft dysfunction 10 years post-renal transplantation: a case report

Parapelvic cysts (PPCs) are rare renal cysts that can masquerade as ureteric obstruction and hydronephrosis on imaging. We describe an atypical case of intrarenal PPCs in a renal allograft that presented 10 years post-transplantation with graft dysfunction and imaging features mimicking hydronephrosis, thereby creating a diagnostic pitfall. To avoid unnecessary investigations and interventions in these patients, transplant professionals must consider this diagnosis early in their differential when managing such presentations.