The brainstem signature of multiple sclerosis: predictable lesions, consistent syndromes
The visual details of MS brainstem lesions reflect their close relationship to venous anatomy, which can be anticipated even when the central vein sign is not directly visualised. Recognising these specific clinical-radiological syndromes provides a unique and insightful diagnostic tool for MS, underscoring the value of strong functional and radiological-anatomical interpretation skills in clinical neurology.
Authors
- Mónica Marta (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5464-9070)
- Benjamin Turner (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0004-6606-9788)
- Sharmilee Gnanapavan (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2817-9922)
- Gavin Giovannoni (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9995-1700)
- Ruth Dobson (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2993-585X)
- Bader Mohamed (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4544-9448)
- Maria Papachatzaki
- Thomas R. Campion (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7624-769X)
- Klaus Schmierer
- Anant Krishnan (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9760-238X)
- Alexandros Chatzistefanou
- Mohammad Wafa (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6241-7771)
- Ashok Adams
- Khalid Nuh
- Ahmed Hashis
Institutions
- Queen Mary University of London (GB)
- Barts Health NHS Trust (GB)
- Princess Alexandra Hospital NHS Trust (GB)
- South Essex Partnership University Foundation NHS Trust (GB)
- Mid Essex Hospital Services NHS Trust (GB)
Publication Details
- Journal
- Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders
- Published
- 2025-12-03
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msard.2025.106894
- Primary Topic
- Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 0.00