Multilingualism in Kosovo: Challenges in language policy implementation, translation, and interpreting

This article examines the development of the legal framework for multilingualism in Kosovo and the challenges with regard to the effective implementation of language policies, particularly in relation to the use of translation and interpreting services as instruments of compliance. The analysis found that Kosovo’s legal framework for language rights has progressively evolved, incorporating provisions from internationally recognised conventions on minority language rights and the equal use of official languages, particularly Serbian, into its legal system and constitution. The study identified challenges arising from a shortage of qualified language professionals, outsourcing, and technical difficulties that include high workloads, staff shortages, and funding constraints that have impacted the effective implementation of and compliance with the Law on the Use of Languages. Inconsistencies and inaccuracies have emerged between language versions of legal documents, undermining legal clarity and harming institutional credibility, transparency, and public trust in institutions – all of which may fuel ethnic tensions. Additionally, the language barrier that was established in the past has led to a shortage of qualified applicants who meet the recruitment requirements for translator and interpreter positions. As a result, delays are frequent, with human resources departments obliged to repeat the recruitment process on several occasions. Proposed solutions include incorporating official language education into the curriculum; increasing training programmes and the number of translators, interpreters, and proofreaders; and establishing standardised legal terminology. Despite the progress achieved, sustained efforts remain necessary to improve the quality of language services and ensure full compliance with multilingualism.