Enhancing biogas production from lignocellulosic biomass: Challenges, innovations, and sustainability pathways

Abstract Anaerobic digestion (AD) is vital in achieving sustainable waste management and renewable energy goals. This review critically evaluates the recent advancements and bottlenecks in biogas technology, focusing on improving process efficiency, environmental performance, and integration within circular economy frameworks. The analysis reveals that synergistic pretreatment. Approaches—including combined thermal–alkaline and biological techniques—can enhance methane yield by 30%–60% for lignocellulosic and food waste substrates. The co‐digestion of organic wastes with microalgae improves process stability, nutrient recycling, and biogas productivity by up to 40%, while supporting carbon sequestration. Regarding upgrading, nanocellulose‐ and MOF‐based membranes offer higher methane purity (>98%) and reduced energy input compared to conventional systems. Despite these technological advancements, challenges persist due to inconsistent operational parameters, inadequate feedstock management, weak policy implementation, and limited public participation. The review emphasizes that standardized monitoring frameworks, decentralized biogas models, and integration with SDG‐driven policies are essential to realizing the full potential of AD systems. Overall, the review concludes that targeted innovation and policy synergy can make biogas technology a key enabler of SDG 7 (Affordable and Clean Energy), SDG 11 (Sustainable Cities), and SDG 13 (Climate Action).