Assessing Endangered Bird Distribution Using Citizen Science: A Case Study of the Fairy Pitta and Black Paradise Flycatcher in Yeongyang County

The fairy pitta (<i>Pitta nympha</i>) and black paradise flycatcher (<i>Terpsiphone atrocaudata</i>) are endangered bird species that have been reported to expand their ranges in South Korea over the past decade. This study aimed to assess the current presence of these two species in Yeongyang County, Gyeongsangbuk-do. To efficiently survey a wide area within a limited time frame, we implemented a citizen science approach, engaging over 30 volunteers organized into nine teams. Field surveys were conducted at 55 randomly selected sites across the county. At each site, species-specific vocalizations were played, and presence was determined based on vocal responses. The fairy pitta was detected at seven sites (12.7%), while the black paradise flycatcher was detected at 19 sites (34.5%). To identify habitat characteristics associated with species presence, we compared environmental variables between presence and absence sites. The presence of fairy pitta was positively associated with forest cover, while the black paradise flycatcher showed significant associations with elevation, temperature, and precipitation. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of citizen- participatory monitoring in detecting endangered species across large spatial scales. The findings provide a foundation for understanding the current distribution of these species and may support future research and conservation efforts.