The Impact of Psychosocial Interventions on Older Adults in the Community Experiencing Social Isolation: An Integrative Review

The older adult population aged 65 years and over is growing rapidly and social isolation among this population has been recognised as a significant public health concern. High rates of physical, emotional and cognitive comorbid conditions are commonly linked among older adults with social isolation. As the older adult population increases, the need for psychosocial interventions will increase in order for health services to serve this ageing population. The aim of this review was to explore and evaluate the effectiveness of psychosocial interventions implemented in community settings to reduce social isolation in older adults. Whittemore and Knafl's five-stage integrative review framework guided this review as it facilitates the inclusion and integration of diverse methodological approaches to experimental research. Five electronic databases (CINAHL, Medline, Web of Science, PsycINFO and Embase) were systematically searched and reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Of the 14 989 studies retrieved from database search, seven studies met the inclusion criteria and were synthesised using narrative synthesis. Ten types of psychosocial interventions for older adults with social isolation were identified that can be delivered by healthcare professionals. The positive impact of these on social isolation, and comorbidities such as depression and anxiety has been demonstrated. In addition, we identified the useful components of these interventions and the experiences of older adults and healthcare professionals in delivering psychosocial interventions, thereby highlighting the key elements that contribute to successful outcomes. Findings strongly suggest the need for enhanced support structures and greater integration of psychosocial approaches into routine community care for older adults. Therefore, training for healthcare professionals to provide psychosocial interventions to older adults in the community is needed.