Recent Progress of Epigenetic Reprogramming Biomedicine to Activate Immunotherapeutic Antitumor Effects

ABSTRACT Epigenetic abnormalities play a pivotal role in tumorigenesis, serving as a driving force independent of genetic mutations. Over the past decade, substantial progress has been made in identifying key epigenetic targets, leading to the development of numerous epigenetic drugs. Notably, these agents extend beyond direct tumor suppression by actively modulating the tumor microenvironment, particularly shaping immune cell function. This dual effect of epigenetic drugs, targeting either cancer cells or immune cells to modulate their crosstalk, holds great promise for enhancing antitumor immunity in combination with immunotherapies. Moreover, integrating epigenetic drugs into advanced drug delivery systems enhances their bioavailability and therapeutic index, maximizing their potential while minimizing toxicity for clinical translation. This review examines the intricate interplay between epigenetic modifications and cancer progression, highlights key epigenetic reprogramming biomedicines, and explores their synergistic potential in enhancing immunotherapeutic efficacy.