Climate change will greatly alter multifaceted biodiversity patterns in goatfish species

Multifaceted biodiversity is crucial for biological conservation and ecosystem sustainability but has been largely neglected in marine biodiversity research. Here we focused on 53 goatfish species of the family Mullidae, developed species distribution models using 34,577 georeferenced occurrence records, and examined redistribution of multifaceted biodiversity patterns under climate change. Our results show that under current climate conditions, the species, phylogenetic, and functional diversity patterns of goatfishes peak in biodiversity hotspots such as the Indo-Pacific convergence zone, Coral Triangle, and Madagascar. These three facets of biodiversity are projected to undergo dramatic changes under climate change, with spatial mismatches observed across different facets. Our results suggest that future climate change might alter the biodiversity patterns of goatfishes and policymakers should account for multifaceted biodiversity when developing conservation strategies.