The Ameliorative and Cryoprotective Activity of Senna auriculata.L Flower Extract on the Semen of Men Exposed to Air Pollution: A Prospective Study

It is thought to have a major role in regulating spermatogonial reproduction and germ-cell meiosis. 6Zn possesses antimicrobial activity and anti-lipid peroxidation capabilities, which preserve spermatozoa membrane integrity and defend the gonads from deteriorating changes. 7 IntroductIonCryopreservation allows individuals to maintain their fertility.Many cancer treatments, such as chemotherapy and radiation, can lead to infertility.By freezing semen samples before treatment, patients can retain the possibility of having biological children in the future. 1 Extenders (Exs) contain cryoprotectants like glycerol, which penetrate sperm cells and reduce ice crystal formation, thereby protecting the cellular structure during freezing and thawing. 2 The existence of antioxidants in the cryoprotectant decreases deox yribonucleic acid (DNA) damage during cryopreservation. 3Maintaining a pH of 7-8, the same as that of ejaculation, is difficult.The addition of buffers along with the semen Ex can help balance the pH during preservation.Variations in buffer capacity may impact sperm metabolism and reduce the osmotic shock during cryopreservation. 4Zinc (Zn) insufficiency is associated with a decrease in the volume of the testis, a reduced weight of the testis, hypogonadism, gonadal dysfunction, poor growth of secondary sex characteristics in humans, contraction of seminiferous tubules, and spermatogenesis failure. 5Zn is a mineral formed in the testis during the early stages of spermatogenesis.