Biosynthesis, Characterization, and Antihyperlipidemic Property of Green Silver Nanoparticles Derived from Borassus aethiopum Hypocotyl Extract in Poloxamer 407-Induced Hyperlipidemic Pre-Clinical Models

The use of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) for hyperlipidemia is advancing nanocardiology research owing to their nano-size, targeted therapy, biomembrane penetrating ability and easy delivery. This study synthesized, characterized, and assessed the antihyperlipidemic potential of AgNPs derived from the aqueous extract of Borassus aethiopum hypocotyl (BAHAE) in poloxamer-407-induced hyperlipidemic rats. Thirty-five rats were divided into seven groups (n=5). Animals in Group A received distilled water (DW). Animals in Group B-G, which were induced into hyperlipidemia with poloxamer-407 (300 mg/kg BW), received DW, fenofibrate [standard medication] (250 mg/kg BW), 10 mg/kg BW nano-sized particles (NSP), 20 mg/kg BW NSP, 200 mg/kg BW of BAHAE, and 400 mg/kg BW of BAHAE, respectively. Treatment occurred for 14 days. Related bioassays and characterization were conducted using standard protocols. Poloxamer-407 which substantially (p<0.05) lowered HDLC, CAT, SOD, and GPx, significantly elevated serum levels of CK-MB, cTnI, LDH, MDA, TC, TAG, and LDLC. BAHAE and AgNPs restored the examined biomarkers, with profound effect from AgNPs than from BAHAE or fenofibrate. UV-Vis spectroscopy confirmed the synthesized AgNPs peak at 205 nm. FTIR indicated peaks/functional groups that are involved in the synthesis and stabilization of AgNPs, with a prominent peak at 991.5;79.4 wavelength/intensity. While XRD showed an amorphous/nanocrystalline structure with four intense peaks at 2θ angles of 19.01°, 31.10°, 37.50°, and 46.20°, SEM-EDX showed a rough and irregular surface with agglomerated particles. EDXRF spectrum showed the most prominent peak at ~22.16 keV. AgNPs normalized the poloxamer-407-induced hyperlipidemic alterations in rats and could be explored in the management of hyperlipidemia.