Innovative Design of Gingham Pattern Patch Antenna Integrated With Kagome Lattice Photonic Crystal Structure for Terahertz Applications

ABSTRACT The terahertz (THz) range is perfect for high‐throughput applications like enhanced sensing, ultra‐fast wireless backhauls, and real‐time virtual and augmented reality because of its availability of unoccupied spectrum, which permits unparalleled bandwidths. The novel THz designs and components are being propelled by recent developments in nanomaterials, photonic devices, and intelligent surfaces. Additionally, the integration of THz waves with sensing and security capabilities opens up new paradigms in secure communication, healthcare applications, and intelligent settings. To achieve reliable and extensible THz communication systems, this article delves into the necessary technologies, propagation properties, and future study paths. Photonic crystals (PhC) have recently gained popularity for use in cutting‐edge electromagnetic fields because of their remarkable controllability over the transmission of electromagnetic waves. The use of PhC ideas along with old and new antenna designs offers a way to create antennas that are very directional, slim, and adjustable. This article proposes a new design that combines the Kagome lattice PhC structure with a modified patch antenna that uses a Gingham sequence. The air holes in the Kagome lattice are optimized to enhance antenna characteristics like return loss (RL), gain, voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR), directivity, and so on. The proposed Kagome lattice PhC antenna works at THz frequency; hence, it is suitable for medical applications like cancer detection, and so on.