Policing the Flow of Goods: Navigating Evolving Mandates From a Customs Point of View

Abstract This article explores the evolving and layered mandates of customs authorities in the European Union through qualitative research within the Belgian customs administration. Drawing on scholarship from border security, policing of flows and police work cultures, it examines how customs officers interpret and navigate their shifting responsibilities as ‘police of goods’. While new mandates related to security and trade facilitation have emerged, the fiscal role remains central to officers’ professional identity. The findings reveal tensions between competing expectations—revenue collection, security provision and trade promotion—creating a complex and sometimes contradictory work environment. Customs emerge as multifaceted actors in contemporary policing, occupying a distinct position in the face of flows and their threats.