Linking Green Project Planning, Stakeholder Engagement, and Technological Capability to Sustainable Project Performance: The Mediating Role of Sustainable Risk Management in Lahore, Pakistan

Sustainability has become a strategic priority for project-based organizations in Pakistan, especially in major urban centers such as Lahore where development activities continue to expand. This study examines how Green Project Planning, Stakeholder Engagement, and Technological Capability influence Sustainable Project Performance within project-driven organizations. It further investigates the mediating role of Sustainable Risk Management, proposing that effective identification, assessment, and mitigation of environmental and social risks strengthen the pathway between project capabilities and sustainability outcomes. Data were collected from 300 project professionals working in public and private sector organizations in Lahore, selected using structured sampling procedures. The findings reveal that all three antecedents significantly enhance sustainable project performance, both directly and indirectly through sustainable risk management. These results highlight the importance of integrating sustainability-focused risk practices into project workflows to ensure responsible, resilient, and high-performing project outcomes. The study contributes to the growing body of literature on sustainable project management and offers practical implications for managers seeking to embed sustainability into project planning and execution in the Pakistani context.