A model for working safely (SAFER) in high-risk occupations

Workplace safety in high-risk occupations remains a significant concern in Australia, with persistently high fatality rates in industries such as transport, agriculture, and construction. Despite national safety regulations and training programs, workplace incidents continue to occur, highlighting gaps in both work practices and vocational education and training (VET) for high-risk work environments. This research investigates the factors contributing to workplace fatalities and explores the effectiveness of safety training and risk management strategies in mitigating occupational hazards. Using a combination of coronial report analysis, industry data, and qualitative interviews with training organizations, industry representatives, and regulatory bodies, this study examines the constraints and enablers influencing workplace safety practices. The research applies the theory of practice architectures to analyse how cultural-discursive, material-economic, and social-political factors shape safety training and workplace behaviours. Findings reveal discrepancies between regulatory safety requirements, industry practices, and VET training methodologies, underscoring the need for a comprehensive framework that integrates training, regulation, and real-world safety applications. To address these challenges, this research develops the SAFER Model (Situation-Arrangement-Forecast-Enactment-Reflection), a structured approach designed to enhance workplace safety in high-risk occupations. The model provides a continuous and iterative safety process that emphasizes situational awareness, planning, risk assessment, execution, and reflection to improve worker decision-making and hazard management. By incorporating evidence-based safety practices, the model serves as a practical tool for organizations, policymakers, and trainers to strengthen occupational health and safety measures. This study contributes to the development of standardized safety training frameworks, regulatory improvements, and a stronger safety culture in high-risk work environments. The findings support the need for ongoing collaboration between industry regulators, training providers, and policymakers to ensure that safety training effectively translates into workplace safety outcomes. The research underscores the importance of structured training, continuous risk assessment, and adaptive safety strategies in reducing workplace injuries and fatalities.